Preliminary determination of Caudatoside from Pterosin A in Hypolepis parallelogramma (Kuntze) C. Presl, a fern consumed in Napo, Ecuador
Synopsis
The fern Hypolepis parallelogramma (known locally as Garabato-yuyo), characteristic of the Ecuadorian Amazon, is considered a complementary food in traditional dishes consumed by communities in Napo. Ferns of the same order have been reported to contain toxic compounds such as Caudatoside, in concentrations ranging from 2 to 1302 µg/g dry weight, which may induce carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the possible presence and concentration of Caudatoside through the detection of Pterosin A in three growth stages of the fern, under traditional preparations and in its natural state (Maito, raw, and cooked). Fronds were collected from three communities in Napo (Lushian, El Calvario, and Puma Yaku), obtaining 310 g per stage. The Salkowski test was applied for general terpenoid detection, and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) was used for Pterosin A detection. The results confirmed the presence of terpenoids but not of Pterosin A, ruling out the presence of Caudatoside in all samples and preparations. However, the compound 12',8-Diapocarotene-12',8-dial was identified, with a molecular mass of 230.1306 Da. In conclusion, the fern lacks Pterosin A and contains a carotenoid oxidation product that poses no risk upon consumption, indicating that its consumption can be considered safe.
Published
April 3, 2026
Categories
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulay Marina Niño Ruiz, Laura Inés Salazar Cotugno (Coordinador de obra); Patricia Yissel Dávalos Cerrón, Azucena Chanatasig, Felipe Cerrera, Andrea Carolina Palacios Rosado, Mateo Patricio Sánchez Sanaguano, Liliana Paulina Lalaleo Córdova, William Calero Cáceres, Santiago Casado, Joshua Pazmiño, Jaime Martí-Herrero, Rocio Cecibel Jiménez Paute, Kevin Campaña, Elena Coyago-Cruz, Andrea Hidalgo-Dávila, Lizbeth Alpusig-Guanoluisa, Belén Apolo, Felipe Rivera-Rueda, Yerovi Sánchez-Arias, Karen Marcella García, Rubianith Suárez, Harol Smith Daza, Geovanna Tafurt, Duverney de Jesús Chaverra, Edita Valle, Evelyn Oña, Mishel Calero, Jonathan Liria, Andrés Sebastian Calderón Velasco, Roque Rivas-Párraga, Inti Llumiquinga, Ana Bravo, Julio Rea, Máximo Moreira, Oscar Vivanco, Nicole Jara, Lilibeth Carrión, Stefanía Cevallos, Paulo Herrera, Esteban Patricio Romero Valladares, Ana Paula Rosero-Jácome, Eliza Jara-Negrete, Gabriel Picón Nava, Nelly Paredes, Wilfredo Ramiro Franco, Wilmer Shiguango, Willin Álvarez, Juan Ponce, Jessica Sánchez, Christian Israel Andrade Romero, Alexandra Vargas, David Sanchez, Negover Briñez, Byron García, Dennis Tomalá, Mery Ramirez, Jenny Rodríguez, Paúl Tufiño Mateus, Enrique Laaz, Willan Revelo, Cecilia Puertas, Juan Andrés Guadamud, Karina Olalla-Tacuri , Darwin Omar Yánez Avalos, Diana Callejas, Sara Álvarez, John Mauricio Castillo Torres, Edith Pamela Tapia Pruna, Daniela Endara, Carolina Castro, Silvia Alejandra Llerena Gordillo, Kevin Stwart Tulcanaza Ruiz, Noroska G.S. Mogollón, Melany Ochoa, María Cristina Peñuela, Jimmy Yumbo, Enith Yánez, Carolina Ñacato, Samira Lluno, Henry Conteron, Pedro Cadena, Corina Campos, Oswaldo Guzman, Micaela Campos, Cindy Vera, Dayana Vera, Christian Coral, Bruce Tumbaco, María Soledad Solorzano, Bryan Valencia, José Sebastián Araujo Soria, Sandra Torres, Enzo Loor, Oscar Ayala, Darwin Rosero, Amparo Condor, Luis Cáceres, Miguel Flores, Elena Ulcuango, Nicole Pilco, David Galarza, Mishell Cabrera, Julieth Chancay, Paola Soto, David Portillo, Diana Cisneros, José Aguirre-Déleg, Pablo Maita-Zambrano, Aimee Delgado-Cruz, Myrian Larco, María Soledad Salazar, María Susana Grijalva, Viviana Stefanía Cárdenas Loor, Mónica Dazzini Langdon, Sheila Tobar Vallejo, Vinicio Velásquez Zambrano, Juan Carlos Soria Aguas (Autor de capítulo)
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How to Cite
Preliminary determination of Caudatoside from Pterosin A in Hypolepis parallelogramma (Kuntze) C. Presl, a fern consumed in Napo, Ecuador. (2026). In III International Congress of Biotechnology and Neotropical Ecosystems. Editorial Unión Científica. https://doi.org/10.63804/CIBEN.25.sioh.e4
