Identification of pathogenic microorganisms in horticultural products
Keywords:
agriculture, food, microbiological analysis, foodborne illnesses, food safetySynopsis
The growing demand for fresh horticultural products has increased concerns about the presence of harmful bacteria that jeopardize food safety. In Ecuador, particularly in the Guaranda canton, the microbiological quality of marketed fruits and vegetables is not effectively controlled. Foodborne illnesses (FBIs), caused by bacteria such as Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli, pose a serious threat to public health, especially among vulnerable groups. In this context, the present study employed microbiological and molecular methods to detect the presence of these pathogens in commonly consumed horticultural products. Samples of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), blackberries (Rubus glaucus), and grapes (Vitis vinifera) were collected from six markets in the Guaranda canton. Microbiological procedures, biochemical assays, and conventional PCR were applied. A factorial A×B design was used, with three dilution levels and three types of pathogens, and statistical analysis was carried out using multifactorial ANOVA. Different concentrations of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli strains were detected in the analyzed samples. The presence of these pathogens was confirmed using conventional PCR techniques. The ANOVA results showed statistically significant differences between microorganism types and dilution levels, suggesting that contamination levels vary depending on the product and the market of origin. Some of the analyzed fruits and vegetables were found to exceed the microbiological limits established by Ecuadorian regulation NTE INEN 1334-1. The prevalence of harmful microorganisms in horticultural products reflects deficiencies in post-harvest hygiene procedures and in the distribution chain. To reduce the incidence of FBIs, the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and continuous monitoring programs is recommended. These findings highlight the need to improve microbiological surveillance systems for fresh food in Guaranda. The molecular identification of pathogens can serve as a foundation for public policy decision-making aimed at protecting consumer health.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Darwin Alberto Núñez Torres, Edison Riveliño Ramón Curay, Franz Patricio Verdezoto Mendoza, José Luis Altuna Vásquez (Autor/a)
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Identification of pathogenic microorganisms in horticultural products: Vol. V1(2). (2025). Editorial Unión Científica. https://doi.org/10.63804/gb.1.2
